Archaeological and epigraphic data linking the Gulf area with the Western regions of the Levant are discussed in order to reconstruct a chronological framework and to establish fixed points in the commercial and cultural relations between Dilmun, Magan, Mesopotamia and Syria, especially during the crucial periods of the Early/Middle Bronze and Middle/Late Bronze transitions. During the late IIIrd Mill. BC the bulk of evidence refers to direct contacts with Mesopotamia and few items shed light on some kind of commercial link with the Syrian regions. At the beginning of the IInd Mill. BC, the Early Dilmun period attests stronger ‘cultural’ interconnections with the Syro-Anatolian region, which could be ascribed to the peculiar commercial role of the land of Dilmun. Finally, in the Middle Dilmun period, Failaka and Bahrain were part of the Kassite reign and iconographic relations between Syria and Dilmun might be considered the mirror of the broad pattern of cultural contacts which characterize the Late Bronze Age in Western Asia, albeit some features could also refer to the previous Old Babylonian/Old Syrian influence.
Nell’articolo vengono analizzati i contatti Siria-Golfo Persico in prospettiva cronologica, dal Bronzo Antico al Bronzo Tardo. Durante il Bronzo Antico le evidenze archeologiche dei contatti sono rappresentate esclusivamente da una impronta di sigillo siriano e un possibile gruppo di pesi riferibili all’unitò di 7,8 g da Umm an-Nar, mentre nel Bronzo Medio abbiamo un maggior numero di informazioni, provenienti dai testi di Mari (relativi alla spedizione commerciale-diplomatica di Shamshi-Addu a Dilmun), materiali in metallo da Barbar e Hamad Town e dalle iconografie Dilmun relate all’ambiente paleosiriano e cappadoceno. Sono infine databili al Bronzo Tardo una serie di sigilli mittanici common style e due sigilli dal tumulo 7di al-Hajjar databili alla fine del XVI sec. a.C. (uno con personaggi a gambe incrociate, l’altro con fila di capridi e due dee intercedenti ai lati della pianta sacra). È invece discussa criticamente e respinta l’ipotesi della Denton sulla presenz di ceramica del Khabur (dipinta e comune) nel Golfo in contesti Early Kassite.
Chronological aspects of cultural interrelations between Syria and the Persian Gulf during the Late Third and Second Millennium BC, 2007.
Chronological aspects of cultural interrelations between Syria and the Persian Gulf during the Late Third and Second Millennium BC
Peyronel, Luca
2007-01-01
Abstract
Archaeological and epigraphic data linking the Gulf area with the Western regions of the Levant are discussed in order to reconstruct a chronological framework and to establish fixed points in the commercial and cultural relations between Dilmun, Magan, Mesopotamia and Syria, especially during the crucial periods of the Early/Middle Bronze and Middle/Late Bronze transitions. During the late IIIrd Mill. BC the bulk of evidence refers to direct contacts with Mesopotamia and few items shed light on some kind of commercial link with the Syrian regions. At the beginning of the IInd Mill. BC, the Early Dilmun period attests stronger ‘cultural’ interconnections with the Syro-Anatolian region, which could be ascribed to the peculiar commercial role of the land of Dilmun. Finally, in the Middle Dilmun period, Failaka and Bahrain were part of the Kassite reign and iconographic relations between Syria and Dilmun might be considered the mirror of the broad pattern of cultural contacts which characterize the Late Bronze Age in Western Asia, albeit some features could also refer to the previous Old Babylonian/Old Syrian influence.
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