Quantization Effects on Neural Networks Perception: How would quantization change the perceptual field of vision models?

Neural network quantization is a critical technique for deploying models on resource-limited devices. Despite its widespread use, the impact of quantization on model perceptual fields, particularly in relation to class activation maps (CAMs), remains underexplored. This study investigates how quantization influences the spatial recognition abilities of vision models by examining the alignment between CAMs and visual salient objects maps across various architectures. Utilizing a dataset of 10,000 images from ImageNet, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of six diverse CNN architectures: VGG16, ResNet50, EfficientNet, MobileNet, SqueezeNet, and DenseNet. Through the systematic application of quantization techniques, we identify subtle changes in CAMs and their alignment with Salient object maps. Our results demonstrate the differing sensitivities of these architectures to quantization and highlight its implications for model performance and interpretability in real-world applica- tions. This work primarily contributes to a deeper understanding of neural network quantization, offering insights essential for deploying efficient and interpretable models in practical settings. Index Terms—Neural Network Quantization, Class Activation Maps (CAM), Model Interpretability, Salient objects detection