In this work, we deal with the possible application of an agent-based system for evolutionary emotional intelligence. Starting with hypotheses on the evolutionary history of emotions (even mythological hypotheses concerning cosmogony), we try to define emotions operatively, considering the great problem of highlighting emotions vital for the survival of individuals and species. Here, the psychological and semantic problem is establishing an effective operative meaning for ‘emotions’. The concept of emotional intelligence then is introduced. This concept is partially contradictory, invoking two terms (emotion and intelligence) that – in our culture – have had virtually opposite connotations for centuries. Finally, we consider potential relationships between artificial agents and emotions.